1. Objective To contrast the treatment effect of full-thickness chondral defects by articular debridement and microfracture and by articular debridement and washout under arthroscope.

2. Methods: Nineteen patients with symptomatic chondral and osteochondral lesions of the knee who were treated with fresh osteochondral allografts between 1999 and 2002 were prospectively followed.

3. In order to repair chondral defects, autogenous chondrocyte transplantation is becoming encouraging treatment concerned by most investigators.

4. Put forward the main problems of the chondral repair by acupuncture-medicine therapy and the prospect.

5. Results: The chondral defect models were successfully constructed on 9 goats ( 9 joints ) and accurately located arthroscopy.

6. There are lots of osteoid tissue and chondral tissue in the tumor.

7. Conclusion: Preparing animal models of chondral defects by arthroscopy result in fewer injuries and experimental errors as compared with open surgery.

8. The recent development of surgical and pathophysiologic methods for the treatment of articular cartilage abnormalities has created a need for the accurate, noninvasive evaluation of chondral lesions.

9. Conclusion Arthroscopic articular debridement and microfracture was better than arthroscopic articular debridement and washout for treated full-thickness chondral defects.

10. Objective To study the relationship between patients′ age, course of disease, severity of synovial plicae and severity of chondral injuries.

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11. Objective:In order to provide a new area of bone flap were supplied for non-unions, osseous defect of upper limbs and chondral defect of elbow joint.

12. On the contrary, primary malignant maxillary tumor showed invasive growth, irregular bony destruction with massive bony or chondral tumor, periosteal reaction and soft tissue mass.