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常识“斯坦”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 斯坦
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斯坦1862—1943Mark Aurel Stein

又译斯坦因或什泰因。匈牙利裔英国东方学家、考古学家。在英国和德国学习东方学、考古学后,1888—1899年在印度旁遮普省任拉合尔(现属巴基斯坦)东方学院院长。1892年首次刊印梵文版《王河》(唯一流传下来的印度历史著作),并译成英文,书名为《克什米尔诸王编年史》。1899年起受聘于英国印度殖民政府考古调查局,于1900—1916年间三次深入中国新疆、甘肃一带,并取道古代中西商队来往路线,收集文献资料和古代工艺品甚多。在敦煌附近发现了在十一世纪就被封存的千佛洞,窃走石窟里珍藏了一千余年的大量写经、古写本、佛教绘画、版画和神座等,现藏于伦敦不列颠博物馆。1910—1929年任印度古物局局长时期,又对希腊和亚历山大大帝东征路线发生兴趣,1926年在印度河畔皮萨尔赖伊发现亚历山大东征战场奥尔纳斯岩故址。1904年入英国籍,1912年受封为爵士。著有《古代和阗》(2卷,1907)、《塞林提亚》(5卷,1909)、《亚洲腹地》(4卷,1928)、《在中亚古道上》等。世界考古学界公认,他在中亚各地,特别是在中国新疆、甘肃地区旅行、测量、考古和研究的结果,展示出了中亚细亚在世界历史上的战略地位,但他盗窃了中国文物,还毁损不少古迹。

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