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常识“李善兰”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 李善兰
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李善兰1811—1882

近代数学家。字壬叔,号秋纫,浙江海宁人。补诸生,幼习训诂词章,十岁热心攻研《九章算术》。后在上海学研中国古代算经及西方传来的微积分学、动力学等。曾入曾国藩安庆营中,同治七年(1868年)由郭嵩焘荐入同文馆任算学总教习,获三品卿衔。曾和英人伟烈亚力、艾约瑟等共译欧几里德的《几何原本》后九卷(补明末徐光启译本)、罗密士的《代微积拾遗》十八卷、侯失勒的《谈天》十八卷,又译牛顿的《自然哲学之数学原理》(未完成),还译有解析几何、微积分学著作。其于1864年所著《方圆阐幽》,已独立达到微积分初步概念。在天文学方面,宣传了哥白尼的日心说;物理学方面则介绍了牛顿的古典力学。他在宣扬近代自然科学时,贯彻了自发的唯物主义认识论,对为《地球图说》作序中宣扬唯心主义认识论的阮元进行了抵制和批驳。其著作辑为《则古昔斋算学十四种》。

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