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常识“哀而不伤”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 哀而不伤
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释义 哀而不伤与“乐而不淫”同为春秋孔子关于艺术批评的美学准则之一。《论语·八佾》:“子曰:《关雎》乐而不淫,哀而不伤。”《左传·襄公二十九年》载季札观乐,有“哀而不愁”之说。哀者,人之情也,“伤者,哀之过而害于和者也”(朱熹《论语集注》)。和,乃“心平德和”。晏婴说:“先王之济五味,和五声也,以平其心,成其政也,声亦如味。……君子听之,以平其心。心平德和。”(《左传·昭公二十年》)孔子以“哀而不伤”来强调人的尊严,强调对生命的肯定,极力反对过度哀伤和毁伤生命,即使临丧亦应“丧致乎哀而止”(《论语·子张》)。艺术的社会功用在于使人致善。因此应把握“哀而不伤”的尺度,不致把悲伤的情感过度地渲染为无限的伤感。“哀而不伤”、“乐而不淫”的审美尺度亦反映了孔子“过犹不及”(《论语·先进》)的审美原则。参见“乐而不淫”。
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