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常识“张鲁汉中政权”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 张鲁汉中政权
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张鲁汉中政权 

东汉末年,张鲁在汉中建立的政教合一的地方政权。初平二年(公元197年)益州牧刘焉命五斗米道主张鲁,以督义司马的身份与被刘焉收买的五斗米道起义首领张修合作,消灭汉中太守苏固及南郑豪强赵嵩等势力。张鲁后来斩杀张修,并其余部,占据汉中。兴平元年 (公元194年),刘焉死,子刘璋软弱。张鲁脱离刘璋,正式建立政教合一的汉中政权。张鲁自号“师君”,初入五斗米道者为“鬼卒”,入道时间久并笃信道者称为“祭酒”,统领部众多而又有威望者称为“治头大祭酒”(亦称“理头”),知名首领或称为“都讲祭酒”。不置长吏,由“祭酒”,“治头大祭酒”等统领部众,管理教徒,处理政务。在“祭酒”的主持下,各地设置义舍,储放米肉,供行路者食用。民有小过,罚修治道路百步,犯大罪,原谅三次而仍不改悔者乃行刑。张鲁政权为汉中民众所拥护,势力日大,东汉皇朝遂使张鲁为镇民中郎将,领汉中太守,通纳贡献。建安二十年(公元215年),曹操进军汉中,张鲁举部降。曹操拜张鲁为镇南将军,封阆中侯,邑万户,并封张鲁五子为列侯,张鲁汉中政权随告结束。
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