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常识“打击豪强”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 打击豪强
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打击豪强 

豪强指横行不法,称霸乡里,势力强横的地主。又称豪强、豪右、强宗大姓、豪民等。西汉时的豪强有一部分是战国时的贵族、豪杰的后人,大部分则是汉代随土地兼并的加剧而新发展起来的。这些豪强虽无官职,但占有大量土地、奴婢及依附人口。有的还经营冶铁、煮盐等手工业和商业。他们倚仗财富、恣行兼并,侵凌细民,逋逃赋税,对抗官府,甚至指使宗族、宾客、奴僮杀人越货。汉武帝时,灌夫家宗族宾客横行颍川,宁成占有上千顷田地,役使数千家贫民,出从数十骑,威重过于郡太守。涿郡大姓东高氏、西高氏宾客为盗贼,自郡吏以下多避之。当时人说:“宁负二千石,无负豪大家。”可见地方豪强权势之盛。豪强势力的膨胀,影响了朝廷的财政收入和皇权专制,西汉政府在长时间内对豪强采取限制和打击政策。一方面,强制战国贵族后人及地方豪杰名家迁往长安附近的诸陵,使之置于中央的直接监视之下;另一方面,任用酷吏对豪强进行严厉打击,西汉酷吏几乎都是以惩办、杀戮和族诛豪强而闻名的。武帝时又诏部刺史,以“六条”问事,第一条就是惩治“强宗豪右,田宅逾制,以强凌弱,以众暴寡”者。但豪强是封建土地私有经济的产物,从根本上说,封建国家代表了他们的利益,他们是封建统治的基础,因此随着土地兼并的加剧,豪强大姓不断出现和发展,东汉以后豪强的势力不断扩大,终于登上了政治舞台。
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