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常识“授田制”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 授田制
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授田制 

中国古代的一种土地制度,即政府将国有土地按规定分配给农民使用的制度。据《周礼·地官·大司徒》及郑玄注记载,年年可以耕种,土质肥美的田地,每家授予一百亩;土质较次,隔一年休耕一次的田地,每家二百亩;土质更次需休耕二年再耕种一年的田地,每家三百亩。《汉书·食货志》所载土地授予的方法与《周礼》大致相同,并记载说,人民二十岁接受政府的田地,六十岁向政府归还田地。一般认为,《周礼》所反映的授田情况为春秋战国之际的制度。战国、秦、汉时期,国家沿用授田制度,所授田亩数不尽同于《周礼》,同时按所授土地数量向农民征收赋税,摊派徭役。
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