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常识“桓玄之乱”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 桓玄之乱
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桓玄之乱 

东晋末年发生的一次统治阶级内部斗争。桓玄,权臣桓温之子,温死,其家一落千丈,玄少时郁郁不得志,却暗蓄野心,苦心经营事业。孙恩起义之时,玄托勤王之命,奉诏以其兄伟为江州。镇夏口,司马习畅镇襄阳,冯该戍湓口,占据要地,积极发展势力。引起权臣司马道子警觉,急加司马元显侍中、骠骑大将军、开府征讨大都督,督十八州军事讨伐桓玄。玄决意反叛,留其兄伟守江陵,率众东下寻阳。公元402年,玄攻入建康,杀掉司马道子、司马元显,北府大将刘牢之等。矫诏加己总百揆,侍中、都督中外诸军事、丞相、录尚书事,独揽大权。玄骄横无度,滥杀异己无辜,安插亲信党羽,为称帝作准备,构怨朝野。403年,玄称帝,国号楚。北府兵将刘裕、何无忌、刘毅、刘道规重整军力,讨伐桓玄。毛璩自益州,刘裕自京口(镇江)攻玄,玄军迅速瓦解,玄挟天子走江陵。北府大将何无忌、刘道规破玄将郭铨、何澹之等于桑落洲,玄军实力大削。其后,北府兵合攻寻阳,玄于寻阳收聚兵众,建造器械,负隅抵抗,结果桓玄败走,途中为益州督护冯迁所杀。
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