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常识“民本”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 民本
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释义 民本“民惟邦本,本固邦宁”(《古文尚书·五子之歌》)的缩写。中国儒家的一种政治理想。意为民众是国家的根本,稳固这个“根本”国家才能安宁。源于西周周公(旦)的“敬德保民”,到春秋时期发展为“重民”思潮,管仲说:“政之所兴,在顺民心;政之所废,在逆民心。”(《管子·牧民》)儒家对之又作了升华,成为其“德治”、“仁政”的基本根据和施政纲领。孟子提出:“民为贵,社稷次之,君为轻。”(《孟子·尽心下》)荀子表述为:“民如水,君如舟;水可载舟,也可覆舟。”(《荀子·王制》)突出了“民为邦本”之意;而“本固”则在于得到民众的拥护。孟子说:“桀纣之失天下也,失其民也;失其民者,失其心也。得天下有道:得其民,斯得天下矣;得其民有道: 得其心,斯得民矣。”(《孟子·离娄上》)为此,就应实施“德治”、“仁政”。其一,首先要求统治者本身有“仁”德。孔子说:“为政以德,譬如北辰,居其所而众星拱之。”(《论语·为政》)又说:“君子之德风,小人之德草,草上之风必偃。”(《论语·颜渊》)其二,统治者要“施仁德于民”,“以不忍人之心,行不忍人之政”(《孟子·公孙丑上》)。其要包括:“因民之所利而利之”(《论语·尧曰》),“所欲与之聚之,所恶勿施尔也”(《孟子·离娄上》);“制民之产”,“使民以时”,“富之”,“教之”,“省刑罚,薄税敛,深耕易耨”,给民众以实际的利益,即“养民也惠”、“推恩”于民,于是,民则受之感化而感恩于上,“中心悦而诚服也”,达到“本固邦宁”,“斯得天下”。
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