常识“汉学”是什么意思，起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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常识“汉学”是什么意思，起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇	汉学
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释义	汉学亦称朴学。清代主要学术派别。与宋学相对。其学一反宋儒以义理说经之风气，重在以训诂考据方法治经，推崇汉儒贾逵、马融、服虔、许慎和郑玄诸家之朴实学风，故名。因盛于乾嘉时期，故亦称乾嘉汉学。参见“乾嘉学派”。汉学亦称“朴学”。指汉儒考据训诂之学。详“古文经学”、“朴学”。汉学指清代推崇汉儒朴学风尚，专力于训诂、辨伪的乾嘉学派。与“宋学”对称。明清之际的经学大师顾炎武，为反对明末“学者束书不观、游谈无根”，空论义理、心性的王学流弊，主张根据经书和历史立论，“通经致用”。清经学家阎若璩、胡渭等继承顾炎武的考据传统，用汉儒训诂方法治经、辨伪，有所创获，但已失却“通经致用”的精神。乾、嘉年间，惠栋、戴震等更以汉儒经注为宗，承东汉许慎、郑玄之学，专从文字学入手，以训诂考据方法治经，并扩大到史籍和诸子，形成吴、皖两派，“汉学”之帜遂大张。清代汉学家治学严谨，学风质朴，于古籍整理、辑佚辨伪、语言文字研究及古代历史地理、天文历法、典章制度等方面的考据，有较大贡献。其弊在偏于信古好儒，脱离实际，为考据而考据。
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