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常识“知有定体”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 知有定体
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释义 知有定体明钱德洪在《绪山会语》中提出的命题。意为良知永恒地存在于天地万物之中,是宇宙的本体,也是心之本体。他说: 良知“运行万古有定体”。一方面,良知是宇宙的本体,“良知广大高明”,如同“太极”,“至微不可见,至著不可掩”,“无声臭可即”,“充塞天地间,只有此知。天只此知之虚明,地只此知之凝聚,鬼神只此知之妙用,四时日月只此知之流行,人与万物只此知之合散,人只此知之精粹也”。另一方面,良知是心之本体,“心无体,以知为体,无知即无心也;知无体,以感应之是非为体,无是非即无知也。意也者,以言乎其感应也;物也者,以言乎其感应之事也;而知则主宰乎事物是非之则也。意有动静,此知之体不因意之动静有明暗也;物有去来,此知之体不因物之去来为有无也。”这就从主观和客观两方面确立了良知的本体地位。他还把“知有定体”说应用于心学工夫论,说:“不动之真体,良知是也。”“夫子尝有言矣,曰至善者心之本体,动而后有不善也。吾不能必其无不善,吾无动焉而已。”“良知不假于见闻,故致知之功从不睹不闻而入。”黄宗羲在《明儒学案》指其是以见在知觉言良知。
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