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常识“直”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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释义 意谓正直、耿直、正派。其源可上溯到夏代。相传皋陶提出“直而温”(《尚书·皋陶谟》),列为“九德”之一。先秦各家给以不同的解释。孔子首先予以强调。《论语·阳货》:“古之愚也直,今之愚也诈而已矣。”《论语·为政》:“举直错诸枉,则民服;举枉错诸直,则民不服。”孔子把“直”视作内心所具有的道德意识:“人之生也直,罔之生也幸而免。”(《论语·雍也》)老子提出“直而不肆,光而不耀”(《老子·五十八章》),认为正直并非无所顾忌,强调凡事适可而止。韩非释为公正地执法:“所谓直者,义必公正,心不偏党也”(《韩非子·解老》)。《易·坤·文言》:“君子敬以直内,义以方外”,是强调内心正直与行事合义的统一。《吕氏春秋》则释为士敢于耿直谏言:“贤主所贵莫如士。所以贵士,为其直言也。言直则枉者见矣。人主之患,欲闻枉而恶直言。”(《贵直》)
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