常识“谒者”是什么意思，起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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常识“谒者”是什么意思，起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇	谒者
正文
释义	谒者官名。春秋战国时期为国君、卿大夫的侍从官员，掌接待引见宾客，朝会时担任警卫，亦奉命出使。秦汉宫廷、后宫、太子宫、诸侯王国皆置，员额不等，皆掌关通内外，导引宾客。宫廷所置隶郎中令（光禄勋），设谒者仆射统领。西汉员七十人，秩比六百石。选孝廉、郎官年不满五十、仪容威严、能大声赞导者充任，本职为侍从皇帝，担任宾礼司仪，宿卫宫廷及供其他临时差遣；常充任皇帝使者，出使诸侯王国、少数民族，巡视地方，派往灾区宣慰存问、发放赈贷，或收捕、考案贵戚、大臣，主持水利工程等。又有中谒者令、中书谒者令，为宦官之职。东汉名义上隶光禄勋，实自为一台，以谒者仆射为长官，职权甚重。有常侍谒者五员，比六百石，掌殿上时节威仪；谒者三十员，掌宾礼司仪、上章报问、奉命出使。其初任职者亦称灌谒者，比三百石；满岁为给事谒者，四百石。东汉初或遣谒者监军及监领筑城和水利工程等，后遂常设监领营兵的监营谒者和专掌水利河渠的河堤谒者。魏、晋员十人，七品，为谒者台属官，掌宾礼司仪，传宣诏命，奉命出使。又有监国谒者，监察诸侯王，权势颇重。晋一度省谒者台，以谒者并入御史台。南北朝复置谒者台，宋七品，梁、陈为流外官，员皆十人。北魏孝文帝太和十七年（493）定为从五品中，二十三年改九品。北齐员二十人，九品。又，魏、晋、南北朝有都水、河堤、劝农、监冶、运水、伐船等各种专职谒者，分隶有关官署；宦官有中谒者、内谒者等；诸王、公、侯等国亦置为属官。隋初罢，炀帝大业三年（607）复置，隶谒者台，有司朝谒者二员，从五品，为谒者台副长官；通事谒者二十员，从六品，掌承旨传宣；将事谒者三十员、谒者七十员，掌受诏出使，劳问宣慰，监察地方，后省。唐代废谒者台，改通事谒者为通事舍人，隶中书省。隋、唐太常寺亦设谒者十员，为流外官，祭祀时担任司仪；宦官有内谒者；王府、公主属官亦置，玄宗开元间废；都水台（监）属官有河堤谒者。金代太后两宫属官有之，员二人，从六品。
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