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常识“谏太宗十思疏”是什么意思，起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 谏太宗十思疏
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释义 谏太宗十思疏散文篇名。唐魏徵作。见《全唐文》。系作者于唐贞观十一年（637）进谏的一篇奏章。时天下安宁，生产发展，但唐太宗渐生骄奢之意。作者犯颜直谏，“频上四疏，以陈得失”（《旧唐书·魏徵传》），此系第二疏，故又题《论时政第二疏》。作品以“居安思危，戒奢以俭”为中心，展开说理，指出“思国之安者，必积其德义”；而历史上不少当国者，“善始者实繁，克终者盖寡”。因为“殷忧而道著，功成而德衰”；“殷忧，必竭诚以待下；既得志，则纵情以傲物”，故劝太宗为“君人者”须“十思”，也就是要以知足、安民、养德、戒骄、节乐、勤政、纳谏、律己、赏罚有度等十事自戒，这样，才能“积其德义”，“垂拱而治”。此文词旨剀切，情理交融，气势雄峻，又巧用比喻、排比、用典等法，使议论更加形象、有力而充实。其中“居安思危”、“载舟覆舟”等句，已成千古名句。太宗曾下诏谓：“得公之谏，朕知过矣。当置之几案以比弦韦。”后世治国者，亦有以此谏为“自戒”者。清吴楚材、吴调侯评曰：“魏公‘十思’之论，剀切深厚，可与三代谟诰并传。”（《古文观止》）
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