| 词汇 |
春秋董氏学 |
正文 |
| 释义 |
《春秋董氏学》近代康有为撰。八卷。作于清光绪二十三年（1897）。将《春秋繁露》重新编排，推衍“三世为孔子非常大义”。糅合《公羊》“三世”说和《礼运》“大同”、“小康”思想，提出“升平者，渐有文教，小康也。太平者，大同之世”，“文教全备也”，“此为春秋第一大义”。主张“变化日新”，认为“就一物而言，一必有两”，“孔子原本天道，知物必有两，故以阴阳括天下之物理”，但又提出“变法欲逊顺而说（悦），勿强骤之”。在心（精神）与体（形体）、知与行的关系上，认为心有知而体无知，“心贵于体”；“先知而后行”是“天然之理”。认为经过孔子笔削之《春秋》的文字，都是改制的微言大义，好像是代数符号，“《春秋》以寓改制，其文犹代数，故皆称托，不过借以记号耳。”因而可以用“推算之法”来“推悟”出孔子寄寓的大义。反映了康氏当时的哲学思想和政治立场。光绪二十四年初刊于上海大同译书局。清政府曾两次下令毁版。辛亥革命后有《万木草堂丛书》本及其他排印本。收入《康有为全集》。
春秋董氏学书名。近人康有为著。八卷。成书于清光绪二十三年（1897）。因旨在阐发西汉今文经学家董仲舒《春秋繁露》之公羊学观点，故名。认为六经统一于《春秋》，“《春秋》之义不在经文，而在口说”，为董氏《春秋》所传。意在借《春秋繁露》关于孔子受命改制之说，推衍出“三世”为孔子之“微言大义”，即所传闻世为“据乱”，所闻世托“升平”，所见世托“太平”。强调“《春秋》一书专明改制”，而改制“勿强骤之”。故虽名为训释董氏《春秋》经说，实则为其渐进、改良的变法主张提供理论依据。 |
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