补阙官名。唐武则天垂拱元年（685）始置左右补阙各二员，分隶门下（左）、中书（右）两省。掌供奉讽谏，从七品上。为士人清选。宋初承唐制，置左、右补阙与左、右拾遗，左隶门下省，右隶中书省。端拱元年（988），改左、右补阙为左、右司谏，左、右拾遗为左、右正言。元丰改制前为寄禄官，改制后掌规谏讽谕，凡朝政阙失、大臣至百官任用不当，三省至一切官署事有违失，都可谏正。淳熙十五年（1188），复另置左、右补阙与左、右拾遗，旋废。明建文时，罢六科左、右给事中而增设。成祖即位初革。
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