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常识“仲长统”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 仲长统
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仲长统180—220

东汉末哲学家。字公理,山阳高平(今山东金乡县西北)人。少好学,博涉群书,富于文辞,曾游学于青、徐、并、冀诸州。性倜傥,敢直言,不拘小节,时人谓之“狂生”。每遇州郡召用,皆称疾不就。献帝时尚书令荀彧举为尚书郎,后参曹操军事。每论说古今及时俗行事,恒发愤叹息,因著《昌言》,凡三十四篇,十余万言。提出“人事为本,天命为末”,且强调“唯人事之尽耳,无天道之学焉”(《群书治要》卷四十五),否定宣扬谶纬迷信的天命论。对社会上之贫富尖锐对立,亦予以揭露曰:“豪人之室,连栋数百,膏田满野,奴婢千群,徒附万计”(《昌言·理乱篇》);而贫者“被穿帷败,寄死不敛,冤枉穷困,不敢自理”。其原因则在于土地高度集中,“盖分田无限使之然也”(《损益篇》)。还认为天下由治到乱,系由于统治阶级“熬天下之脂膏,斲生人之骨髓”(《理乱篇》)所致。《昌言》早佚,唯《后汉书》本传中载有《理乱》、《损益》、《法诫》三篇,《群书治要》中亦有断章残篇。清严可钧《全后汉文》辑存两卷。

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